Vol. 6, Issue 3, Part G (2020)

Background: The metabolic syndrome is also known as syndrome X the insulin resistance syndrome, and the deadly quartet. The constellation of metabolic abnormalities includes glucose intolerance (type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or impaired fasting glycaemia), insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension, all well documented risk factors for cardiovascular disease. With a shift towards unhealthy diet coupled with sedentary lifestyle, development of metabolic syndrome is on the rise even among young adults.

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of individual metabolic syndrome components and major lifestyle risk factors associated with it.

Methodology: Screening of Metabolic Syndrome patients was carried out on an outdoor patient basis by using the definition given by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. (NCEP ATP III 2004). Lifestyle risk factors were assessed on the basis of patients self-report and validated food frequency questionnaire & 24 hour dietary recall method was used to assess the food intake.

Results: A total of 3147 participants assessed for diagnosis of metabolic Syndrome, of which 278 patients had diagnosed to have metabolic syndrome disorder by using NCEP ATP-III criteria. Among the five components of metabolic syndrome, highest proportions (87.1%) of respondents were suffered from hypertension followed by hypertriglyceridemia which was 83.8%. About three-fourth (75.2%) of the respondents had central obesity followed by hyperglycemia which was 70.5%. More than half (65.1%) of the participants was observed for low HDL cholesterol. Only 15.1% were doing some type of physical exercise and 32.5% were smoking. Regarding the consumption of fruits and vegetables around 89.1% were taking green vegetables less than two serving/day and only 8.9% were consuming vegetables greater than 2 servings.

Conclusion: These data highlights newer advancements in the field of Metabolic Syndrome, which can serve as potential strategies to combat it. Public health interventions targeting adults, therefore, should center on prevention through education, modification of diet and lifestyle, and focusing on environment, so that these changes are acceptable and sustainable.