Vol. 9, Issue 3, Part C (2023)

Abstract
A hydrogeochemical assessment was conducted in the Budgam district of Jammu and Kashmir, India, to analyze the characteristics and the geochemical composition of groundwater. Forty groundwater samples underwent comprehensive hydrogeochemical analysis, including determination of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), and major cation and anion concentrations. Additionally, calculations were performed to determine the salinity index, salinity hazard, percent sodium (%Na), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). This hydrogeochemical assessment revealed that the groundwater in the study area adheres to established standards, making it generally suitable for various geochemical applications. However, the analysis also identified a few localized areas with elevated concentrations of iron and total hardness that require specific treatment methods. While sodium concentrations and salinity levels remained within acceptable limits for irrigation across most of the investigated region, a proactive approach to sustainable water resource management necessitates continued monitoring of salinity and nitrate concentrations, particularly in shallow wells.